Al-Balad Verse 3

and by every parent and ˹their˺ child!

and by every parent and offspring,

by the begetter, and that he begot,

[I swear] by parent and offspring,

And by the begetter and that which he begat,

And (the mystic ties of) parent and child;-

and I swear by the parent and his offspring:

And the parent and the offspring,

And by oath of your forefather Ibrahim, and by you – his illustrious son!

[and] by the father and him whom he begot:

And by him (Abraham) who begets, and him (Muhammad) whom he begot;

And (I cite as witness your) father (- Abraham) and (his exalted) son (- Ismâîl).

And a father and what he gave birth (to)/procreated.

And by oath of your forefather Ibrahim, and by you - his illustrious son!

And the (mystic ties) of Parent and Child!

And by the begetter (i.e. Adam) and that which he begot (i.e. his progeny);

We have certainly created man to face difficulties.

And the begetter and whom he begot.

And the begetter and that which he begat,

or by the great father and his wonderful son (Abraham and Ishmael)

And by the giver of birth, and whom he fathered,

And by the begetter and that which he begot.

and by parent and offspring,

And by a father and what he fathered.

And [by] the begetter, that is, Adam, and that which he begat, that is, his descendants (m, `that which', [actually] means man, `whom').

And by the begetter and that which he begot.

Mujahid, Abu Salih, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Sa`id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Khusayf, Shurahbil bin Sa`d and others have said,

"Meaning, by the begetter, Adam, and that which he begot is his children."

This view that Mujahid and his companions have chosen is good and strong. This is supported by the fact that Allah swears by the Mother of the Towns, which are dwellings. Then after it He swears by the dwellers therein, who is Adam, the father of mankind, and his children.

Abu `Imran Al-Jawni said, "It refers to Ibrahim and his progeny."

Ibn Jarir recorded this statement as did Ibn Abi Hatim.

Ibn Jarir preferred the view that it is general and it refers to every father and his children. This meaning is also acceptable.

Allah then says,

لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الاِْنسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ