Mentioning Marriage indirectly during the Iddah
Allah said;
وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُم بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاء
And there is no sin on you if you make a hint of betrothal,
وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ
(And there is no sin on you) meaning,
to indirectly mention marriage to the widow during the term of Iddah for her deceased husband.
Ath-Thawri, Shu`bah and Jarir stated that Ibn Abbas said;
وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُم بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاء
(And there is no sin on you if you make a hint of betrothal),
"means saying, `I want to marry and I am looking for a woman whose qualities are such and such,' thus talking to her in general terms in a way that is better."
In another narration (by Ibn Abbas),
"Saying, `I wish that Allah endows me with a wife,' but he should not make a direct marriage proposal."
Al-Bukhari reported that Ibn Abbas said that the Ayah;
وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُم بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاء
(And there is no sin on you if you make a hint of betrothal) means,
"The man could say, `I wish to marry,' `I desire a wife,' or, `I wish I could find a good wife'."
Mujahid, Tawus, Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ibrahim An-Nakhai, Ash-Sha`bi, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Qusayt, Muqatil bin Hayyan and Al-Qasim bin Muhammad and several others among the Salaf and the Imams said that;
one is allowed to mention marriage indirectly to the woman whose husband died.
It is also allowed to indirectly mention marriage to a woman who had gone through final, irrevocable divorce. The Prophet ordered Fatimah bint Qays to remain in the house of Ibn Umm Maktum for Iddah when her husband Abu `Amr bin Hafs divorced her for the third time. He said to her;
فَإِذَا حَلَلْتِ فَأذِنِينِي
Inform me when your Iddah term ends.
When she finished the Iddah, Usamah bin Zayd, the Prophet's freed slave asked to marry her, and the Prophet married her to him.
As for the divorced wife (not irrevocably divorced), there is no disagreement that it is not allowed for other than her husband to mention marriage proposals to her directly or indirectly (before the Iddah finishes).
Allah knows best.
Allah said;
أَوْ أَكْنَنتُمْ فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ
or conceal it in yourself,
meaning, if you hide the intention of seeking marriage with them.
Similarly, Allah said;
وَرَبُّكَ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُكِنُّ صُدُورُهُمْ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ
And your Lord knows what their breasts conceal, and what they reveal. (28;69)
and,
وَأَنَاْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَأ أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَأ أَعْلَنتُمْ
while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal. (60;1)
So, Allah said here;
عَلِمَ اللّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ
Allah knows that you will remember them,
meaning, in your hearts, so He made it easy for you.
Allah then said;
وَلَـكِن لاَّ تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا
but do not make a promise (of contract) with them in secret.
Ali bin Abu Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said that the Ayah means,
do not say to her, "I am in love (with you)," or,
"Promise me you will not marry someone else (after the Iddah finishes),"
and so forth.
Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ash-Sha`bi, Ikrimah, Abu Ad-Duha, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri, Mujahid and Ath-Thawri said that,
it (meaning of the Ayah) means taking the woman's promise not to marry someone else.
Afterwards, Allah said;
إِلاَّ أَن تَقُولُواْ قَوْلاً مَّعْرُوفًا
except that you speak an honorable saying.
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Ath-Thawri and Ibn Zayd said that;
the Ayah means to indirectly refer to marriage, such as saying, "I desire someone like you."
Muhammad bin Sirin said;
I asked Ubaydah about the meaning of Allah's statement;
إِلاإَّ أَن تَقُولُواْ قَوْلاإً مَّعْرُوفًا
(...except that you speak an honorable saying),
He said, "He says to her Wali, `Do not give her away (in marriage) until you inform me first'."
This statement was narrated by Ibn Abu Hatim.
Allah then said;
وَلَا تَعْزِمُواْ عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّىَ يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ
And do not be determined on the marriage bond until the term prescribed is fulfilled.
meaning, do not make marriage contracts before the Iddah finishes.
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi, Qatadah, Ar-Rabi bin Anas, Abu Malik, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqatil bin Hayyan, Az-Zuhri, Ata Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi, Ath-Thawri and Ad-Dahhak said that;
حَتَّىَ يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ
(until the term prescribed is fulfilled) means,
`Do not consummate the marriage before the Iddah term finishes.'
The scholars agree that marriage contracts during the Iddah are invalid.
Allah then said;
وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُ
And know that Allah knows what is in your minds, so fear Him.
warning the men against the ideas they conceal in their hearts about women, directing them to think good about them rather than the evil, and Allah would not let them despair of His mercy, as He said;
وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ
And know that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing